Firefighters have expressed concerns regarding the emergence of intense, rapidly spreading fires fueled by lithium batteries in e-bikes found in residential settings, such as those in Toronto and Peterborough, Ontario, as well as in large storage batteries at a Prince Edward Island solar farm.
These incidents have prompted restrictions on electric bikes and cars in various buildings, public transportation systems, and ferries, impacting individuals who depend on these modes of transport. Furthermore, the safety concerns surrounding lithium battery fires have caused some individuals to hesitate in adopting electric vehicles.
This week marks Fire Prevention Week, with lithium batteries as the central theme. Understanding the challenges posed by lithium battery fires and implementing strategies to mitigate associated risks are crucial.
Canadian fire departments lack consistent tracking of lithium battery fires, but estimates from the Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs suggest around 1,500 fires were started by lithium batteries in 600 communities across Canada last year. The prevalence of lithium battery fires is particularly high in household devices like e-bikes and e-scooters.
On the other hand, electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage batteries undergo rigorous testing and incorporate safety features like temperature sensors and cooling systems, leading to a lower occurrence of fires compared to gas-powered vehicles, as indicated by U.S. data.
Moreover, incidents of grid storage battery fires are scarce globally, with only a handful reported each year according to data from the Electric Power Research Institute.
The root cause of lithium battery fires lies in the breach of the barrier material separating the battery terminals, often due to wear and tear or physical damage. Overheating, resulting from factors like overcharging, improper charging, or external heat sources, can also trigger fires.
Lithium battery fires present unique dangers compared to other types of fires. They burn hotter and faster, reaching thermal runaway, a state where chemical reactions escalate rapidly, leading to explosive fires. Additionally, these batteries generate their own oxygen during a fire, sustain the fire with toxic substances, and can reignite even after extinguishment.
To reduce the risk of lithium battery fires, consumers are advised to opt for certified batteries with safety labels, adhere to proper charging practices, and recycle batteries at designated drop-off sites. Damaged batteries should be handled with caution and disposed of in specialized containers to prevent potential hazards.
In the event of a lithium battery fire, experts recommend letting the fire burn out in certain instances, as attempting to extinguish it with water can prolong the fire and pose environmental contamination risks. Proper education, training, and equipment are essential for fire departments to effectively manage lithium battery incidents and ensure public safety.