Experts are cautioning about the potential presence of a harmful chemical in widely-used pills that people take for their well-being. Many multivitamins, supplements, and certain medications are encased in gel capsules for easier ingestion.
These capsules, featuring a liquid interior within a flexible shell, commonly incorporate plasticisers known as phthalates, which have been associated with various health risks. Phthalates are categorized as endocrine disruptors capable of interfering with hormone functions, potentially impacting reproductive development, fertility, and hormonal equilibrium.
Research has linked phthalates to birth defects, childhood allergies, and even cardiovascular conditions. Craig Russell, a pharmacy lecturer at Aston University, highlighted the complexity of assessing phthalate safety due to the diverse properties and risks associated with different types of these chemicals. Although softgel capsules may not be the primary source of exposure to phthalates, especially compared to everyday items like vinyl flooring and perfumes, individuals consuming multiple supplements daily should remain vigilant.
Certain phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and cellulose acetate phthalate, are approved for pharmaceutical use and considered safe when utilized correctly. However, the use of phthalates like dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been restricted due to their potential reproductive and developmental implications.
Long-term exposure to phthalates has been linked to conditions like insulin resistance, inflammation, and heart disease, particularly concerning for children and pregnant women. Regulatory bodies like the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration have established guidelines for phthalate use in medications, including intake limits and ongoing safety monitoring.
While pharmaceutical products adhere to regulations, over-the-counter supplements pose challenges as they are often self-administered without medical oversight, potentially leading individuals to surpass safe phthalate thresholds, especially when combined with other environmental exposures.
To address concerns, individuals are advised to scrutinize ingredient labels, consult pharmacists, or seek phthalate-free alternatives. As scientific understanding advances, regulators and manufacturers must continually reassess the utilization of these chemicals in products.